《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》（第四批）_瑞科上海翻译公司

　　《中国关键词：抗击新冠肺炎疫情篇》

　　Keywords to Understand China: The Fight Against COVID-19

　　七、战“疫”微镜头

　　PART SEVEN

　　Unity Is Strength.

　　1.习近平赴一线考查新冠肺炎疫情防控事情

　　2020年2月10驲，习近平正在北京调研指点新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控事情。3月2驲，习近平正在北京考查新冠肺炎防控科研攻关事情。3月10驲，习近平专门赴抗击疫情的主战场湖北省武汉市考查新冠肺炎疫情防控事情，正在火神山病院跟东湖新城社区那两个抗疫阵地，探望慰劳奋战正在一线的恢弘医务工作者、解放军指战员、社区工作者、公安干警、基层干部、下沉干部、志愿者跟患者干部、社区住民，勉励各人坚定信心，打败疫情。考查时代，他正在向居家断绝的社区住民挥手致意，鼓动勉励“各人一路加油”，嘱咐“武汉人喜好吃活鱼，多组织供给”，点赞医务人员是新期间“最可恶的人”，抒发“党和人民谢谢武汉人民”深切之情。

　　实地考察完毕后，习近平掌管召开了一场电视电话会议，那是继2月23驲兼顾促进新冠肺炎疫情防控跟经济社会开展事情布置集会、3月6驲决斗决胜脱贫攻坚座谈会之后，他与湖北各地指导干部再次以这类方法 “背靠背”。正在集会发言中，习近平作出紧张断定：湖北跟武汉疫情防控局势产生踊跃向好变更，取得阶段性紧张结果，开端实现了稳定局势、扭转局面的方针。以后，疫情防控使命仍然艰难沉重。越是正在这个时间，越是要连结头脑清醒，越是要慎终如始，越是要再接再砺、善作善成，继承把疫情防控作为以后头等大事跟最紧张的事情，毫不放松放松抓实抓细各项防控事情，坚定打赢湖北保卫战、武汉保卫战。

　　习近平指出，此次新冠肺炎疫情防控是对管理系统跟管理才能的一次大考，既有履历，也有经验。要放眼久远，总结经验教训，放慢补齐管理系统的短板跟弱项，为保证人民生命安全跟身体健康筑牢轨制防地。要出力美满乡村管理系统跟城乡下层管理系统，树立“齐周期经管”认识，尽力摸索超大乡村现代化管理新路子。

　　1. Xi Jinping Inspecting Frontline Epidemic Prevention and Control

　　On February 10 2020 Xi Jinping inspected COVID-19 prevention and control work in Beijing. On March 2 he visited the scientists and researchers working against the coronavirus in the capital city.

　　On March 10 the Chinese president went to Wuhan the main battleground to inspect the prevention and control work. He visited the Huoshenshan Hospital and the Donghu Xincheng Community where he greeted the front-line medical workers People’s Liberation Army (PLA) commanders and soldiers community workers police officers grassroots officials and those designated from higher levels volunteers patients and residents. He encouraged them to fight with confidence to win the battle against the epidemic. During his visit to the residential quarters the president waved to the residents undergoing home quarantine and encouraged them to “join the efforts and fight together.” He urged local officials to guarantee the supply of fresh fish which is well liked by Wuhan people. Xi praised the healthcare workers as “the most admirable people” in the new era and expressed deep gratitude from the Party and the whole nation to the Wuhan people. Xi Jinping chaired a teleconference after the field inspection. It was the first time he “met” with officials from across Hubei Province in this way after a teleconference to coordinate national epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development on February 23 and another on poverty elimination on March 6.

　　Xi told the conference that the epidemic containment in Hubei and Wuhan is trending on a positive direction with initial progress achieved in stabilizing the situation and turning the tide. However the task remains arduous. At this critical moment people must be sober-minded remain alert continue the efforts and continue to take epidemic prevention and control as the top priority and the most important task. All prevention and control measures should be implemented down to the last detail to defend Wuhan and Hubei and win the war against the epidemic.

　　Xi pointed out that the response to the epidemic is a big test of China’s governance system and capacity. There are both experience and lessons. People should take a long-term view draw experience and lessons for the future and work swiftly to address inadequacies and fix weak links in the governance system so as to consolidate the institutional defense to ensure people’s health and safety. Efforts should be made to enhance urban governance as well as urban and rural community management. People should develop “full-cycle management” awareness and explore new ways of modernizing the governance of mega cities.

　　2. 恢弘医务工作者

　　新冠肺炎疫情产生后，恢弘医务工作者毅然辞别家人，白衣执甲、逆行出征、尽力救治患者，展示了治病救人、医者仁心的崇高精神。习近平正在武汉考查时对奋战正在一线的医务工作者给予高度评价，夸奖他们是新期间最可恶的人，是光明的使者、愿望的使者，是最美的天使，是真正的英雄！

　　习近平屡次作出紧张唆使，对介入疫情防控事情的医务人员送来关爱跟鼓动勉励。他强调，医务人员是打败疫情的中坚力量，务必高度重视对他们的护卫、体贴、爱惜。要体贴关爱一线医务人员，落实防护物质、生涯物质保证跟防护步伐，统筹安排轮休，增强生理疏导，落实工资待遇、临时性事情补贴、卫生防疫津贴待遇，美满激励机制，尽心尽力资助他们消除后顾之忧，使他们始终保持高昂斗志、茂盛精神，连续安康投入抗疫奋斗。

　　据统计，抗疫时代，人民解放军、中心跟国度部委、各省区市共派出340多支医疗队、42000余名医务人员驰援武汉。跟着疫情防控局势慢慢转好，实现救济使命的各地驰援医疗队将分批离开武汉、安然归家。一张描画着“白衣战士”背影、写着“谢谢你们，为咱们拼过命”的海报刷屏收集，讲出了湖北跟武汉人民的真切心声。

　　2. Medical Workers

　　After the outbreak of COVID-19 a vast number of medical workers bid farewell to their loved ones and went in harm’s way. As warriors in white they devoted every effort to save patients. Xi Jinping spoke highly of the medical workers on the front line calling them “the most admirable people” in the new era messengers of brightness and hope the most beautiful angels and true heroes.

　　Xi Jinping made instructions on different occasions about the care for the medical workers fighting against the epidemic. He emphasized that medical workers are the backbone in beating the epidemic and they shall be well protected and given full support. The front-line medics shall have access to sufficient protective equipment and daily necessities and have off-days in rotation and psychological counseling. The pay package additional subsidies and epidemic prevention allowances for the medical staff should be fully delivered their worries be lifted and incentive mechanism be further improved so that they will stay strong and healthy to fight the epidemic.

　　During the anti-epidemic combat the PLA central ministries and commissions provinces autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government altogether dispatched more than 340 medical teams consisting of over 42000 healthcare workers to aid Hubei. As the conditions turned for the better the medical teams completed their mission and withdrew in an orderly manner. A poster depicting the back of “soldiers in white” with the words “Thank you for fighting for us” went viral on the internet as it voiced the heartfelt gratitude of the people of Wuhan and Hubei.

　　3. 解放军指战员

　　新冠疫情产生后，人民解放军坚决贯彻中共中央决议计划布置，疾速启动联防联控事情机制，急迫抽组精兵强将奔赴疫情防控第一线，成为抗疫阵线不可或缺的紧张力气。习近平正在2月23驲召开的兼顾促进新冠肺炎疫情防控跟经济社会开展事情布置集会上指出，人民解放军指战员闻令而动、敢打硬仗，展示了人民子弟兵忠于党、忠于人民的政治品质。

　　若有战，召必至。正在中共中央统一指挥下，三军一万余名医护人员前线驰援，尽力投入抗疫一线救治，第一工夫批量吸收患者，第一工夫进入断绝病区，第一工夫诊治危重病人。武警部队均匀天天动用1000多名军力、100余台车辆，辅佐处所疫情防控部分担当医疗物质调运卸载、防疫洗消跟警惕值守等使命。各省军区（警备区）出动民兵共同处所实现外来人员经管、场合消毒、警惕执勤、物质运输、防疫宣扬等使命。

　　“是甲士，就要随时上战场！”从增强指导批示到敏捷驰援武汉，从尽力救治患者到做好综合保证，从组织应急科研攻关到增强职员物质投送，人民解放军再次展示了人民至上的硬核力量：那里有危难，那里便有共和国甲士正在冲锋；那里有须要，那里便有人民子弟兵正在贡献。

　　3. PLA Commanders and Soldiers

　　After the outbreak of the coronavirus the PLA resolutely implemented the decisions and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and promptly launched joint prevention and control mechanism. Emergency teams were drawn to the front line becoming an indispensable force in the anti-epidemic fight.

　　At the meeting held on February 23 to promote nationwide epidemic control and economic and social development Xi Jinping pointed out that the PLA commanders and soldiers had acted upon orders and were brave to fight a tough battle which demonstrated the political character of the people’s army and their loyalty to the Party and the people.

　　“If a war befalls the PLA is ready to fight when the call comes.” Under the unified command of the CPC Central Committee more than 10000 PLA medical staff rushed to the front line and devoted themselves to saving lives. They were among the first to start receiving patients and treating the seriously ill in the isolated wards. Over 1000 troops and 100 vehicles were mobilized every day to assist the local epidemic prevention and control departments in transporting and unloading medical supplies cleaning and disinfecting and posting guards. Militias were dispatched by provincial military commands (garrison commands) to assist local authorities in managing visitors disinfecting public places performing vigilance duty delivering goods and materials communicating epidemic prevention to the public and other tasks.

　　“Soldiers are always be ready to go to the battlefield!” From strengthening leadership to rushing to aid Wuhan from treating the ill to providing comprehensive support from organizing emergency-related scientific researches to expanding personnel and material delivery capacity the PLA has once again demonstrated the sheer force of putting people first: Where there is emergency there is the pioneering people’s army; where there is a need there is the dedicating people’s army.

　　4.社区工作者

　　抗击疫情有两个阵地，一个是病院治病救人阵地，一个是社区防控阵地。习近平正在北京市调研指点新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控事情时强调，社区是疫情联防联控的第一线，也是外防输入、内防扩散最无效的防地。把社区这道防地守住，便能无效堵截疫情分散伸张的渠道。

　　正在湖北武汉考查疫情防控时代，习近平走进东湖新城社区，与社区防控步队密切交换。他指出，下面千条线、上面一根针，干部大事大事皆正在社区，各人就是且则的“小巷总理”。正在抗击疫情的奋斗中，社区工作者们克制了职员不敷、资源缺乏、前提艰辛、防护步伐没有美满等各类难题，一直服从着乡村的第一道防地。疫情时代，武汉的社区悉数实验网格化经管，网格员、下沉干部、志愿者、楼栋长等构成了一个个小组为社区住民效劳：德律风组担任接听住民热线，为住民答疑解难；报表组跟踪监控住民安康环境，逐日德律风问询；洽购组则为住民买菜送药等。跟着疫情联防联控事情的促进，天下有许多社区工作者、志愿者天天为居家断绝的住民送来生活必需品，随访健康状况，为住民供给引诱就诊、转诊、征询等效劳。他们的无私奉献，成为疫情防控中的感人景致，不休筑牢着疫情防控的“社区防地”。

　　4. Community Workers

　　There are two fronts in the battle against the epidemic: hospital – the life-saving front and community – the epidemic prevention and control front. When inspecting the epidemic prevention and control in Beijing Xi Jinping emphasized that communities are the forefront of joint prevention and control and also an effective defense line against importation of cases and intra-city/region transmission. We can effectively curb the spread if we hold firm the defense line in the communities.

　　During his inspection in Wuhan Xi visited Donghu Xincheng Community and talked with the community workers. He called community workers “temporary prime minister of the alleys” who have to handle all kinds of matters that relate to people’s livelihood.

　　In the battle against the epidemic the community workers had overcome various difficulties such as insufficient manpower limited resources hard conditions and imperfect protective measures and remained steadfast at the city’s front line of defense. As all the communities in Wuhan were under grid-based management grid managers officials designated from higher levels volunteers and building coordinators formed different groups to serve the residents. There were telephone communication groups responsible for answering hotline questions for residents report groups tracking and monitoring residents’ health status with daily telephone inquiries and purchasing groups buying vegetables and medicines for the residents in need.

　　A great number of community workers and volunteers across the country delivered necessities to self-isolated residents at home on a daily basis followed up their health conditions and helped residents see doctors transfer to hospitals or get consultation. Their dedication shored up a strong defense line in the communities.

　　5.公安干警

　　新冠肺炎疫情产生以来，天下公安机关坚定贯彻落实习近平总书记紧张指示精神跟党中央决议计划布置，全警发动、尽心尽力投入战疫情、防危险、保平安、护不变各项事情，恢弘公安民警、辅警不畏艰险、不怕牺牲，坚守岗位、英勇奋战，尽力投入到疫情防控跟保护不变事情。

　　同时，公安部迷信调配警力，组织省市县三级公安机关依照15%、20%、30%的比例抽调下沉34.2万余名警力声援下层一线。他们不怕疲惫、连续作战，用生命保护人民、保护平安。停止4月2驲，天下共有60名公安民警跟35名辅警就义正在抗击疫情跟保护平安不变第一线，此中20名公安民警被追授为天下公安系统二级英雄模范名称。

　　“疫情以后，差人没有退”。抗击疫情时代，恢弘公安干警正在做好自身防疫事情的同时，尽力共同做好社会里疫情防控事情，依法打击整治影响疫情防控跟社会不变的违法犯罪举止，出力做好停工复产依法保证事情，为鞭策天下疫情防控局势连续向好作出了紧张奉献。

　　5. Police Officers

　　The public security organs across China resolutely implemented the instructions given by President Xi Jinping and the decisions and plans made by the CPC Central Committee. The whole police force was mobilized to join the battle. They went all out to combat the epidemic guard against risks and ensure safety and stability. The public security officers and police support officers met difficulties head on and remained steadfast to their posts devoting all their efforts to tackling the virus and maintaining stability.

　　The public security organs at provincial municipal and county levels each dispatched 15% 20% and 30% of their police forces to support the communities. In total 342000-plus police officers worked tirelessly at the front line risking their lives to protect the people and maintain security. As of April 2 60 police officers and 35 police support officers sacrificed their lives at the front line and 20 of them were posthumously honored as second-class heroes.

　　“If the epidemic does not recede the police will not retreat.” In the war against COVID-19 a vast number of police officers made great contribution to the society-wide prevention and control. Not only did they punish criminal and other illegal activities that hindered the anti-epidemic fight or undermined social stability they also went to great lengths to support the resumption of work and production thus contributing to the positive trending of epidemic prevention and control in China.

　　6.基层干部

　　下层是防疫前线，也是停工复产第一线。为最大限度施展下层防控的力气跟作用，习近平正在2月3驲召开的中央政治局常委会集会上强调，正在疫情防控事情中，要坚定否决形式主义、官僚主义，让基层干部把更多精神投入到疫情防控第一线。

　　基层干部不警服、救济服、断绝衣，只有最平凡的口罩。他们不法律证、资格证，只有一张张干部熟习的面目面貌，他们既担当着下层经管，又是本地干部的“跑腿员”“广播员”“安全员”。疫情时代，恢弘基层干部保持念干部之所想、慢干部之所急，驰驱正在街头巷尾、田间地头，深入细致展开疫情摸排，组织疑似病例断绝窥察，调和防护物质分派，宣扬提高防疫常识，用扎实行为保证人民干部生涯，当好人民干部的“贴心人”。

　　6. Grassroots Officials

　　Grassroots units are at the forefront of the battle against the epidemic and at the first line of resuming work and production. At the meeting held on February 3 by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping emphasized opposition to excessive bureaucracy and the malpractice of going through motions so that grassroots officials can devote fully to epidemic prevention and control.

　　Grassroots officials have no protective suits to wear. They only have masks. They have no power of law enforcement. They are just familiar faces to the locals. They are responsible for managing the communities and serve as the “errand runner” “broadcaster” and “security officer” of the people.

　　During the outbreak they were kept busy checking every block for epidemic screening leaving no stone unturned. They arranged medical observation of suspected cases coordinated the distribution of protective equipment and spread knowledge of epidemic prevention to the general public. As “trustworthy friends of the people” they safeguarded people’s wellbeing with concrete actions.

　　7.下沉干部

　　疫情防控是一场人民战争，修建人民防地，守住社区防地，便能无效阻挠疫情分散伸张。2020年2月10驲，习近平正在北京调研指点新冠肺炎疫情防控事情时强调，把防控力气向社区下沉，增强社区各项防控步伐的落实，使一切社区成为疫情防控的顽强碉堡。这一要求，吹响了以社区为重点抗击疫情的“集结号”。

　　社区防控点多面广，环境庞大多样，要做好地毯式追踪、网格化经管，又要呼应住民公道必须的要求，保障社区有序运行，使命十分艰巨。为加强社区防控协力，周密社区防地，天下各地党政机关干部纷繁走出构造，分批下沉社区，极大减缓了社区联防联控中的人手重要压力，为展开精细化防控注入力气。下沉干部深化社区街道，踊跃共同社区干部做好职员排查、测量体温、消毒断绝、宣扬引诱、后勤保障等各项防控事情，为社区住民筑牢“防疫墙”。下沉干部与恢弘社区工作人员、公安干警、基层干部跟志愿者们并肩作战，造成了有序介入联防联控、群防群治的壮大力气。

　　7. Officials Designated from Higher Levels

　　Epidemic prevention and control is a war that involves every one of the country. As long as a people’s defense line is put in place and the communities are well defended the spread of the virus can be effectively curbed. When inspecting the epidemic prevention work in Beijing on February 10 Xi Jinping emphasized the need to empower communities to implement prevention and control measures making every community a strong bastion defending the epidemic. His request sounded the “rally call” to focus on community-centered battle against the virus.

　　The prevention and control work in the communities are complicated. It is an arduous task to do blanket tracking on cases and exercise grid-based management while attending to the reasonable and essential needs of residents and maintaining orderly operation of the communities.

　　In order to create synergy and strengthen community defense line numerous Party and government officials were designated to work in the communities. Their arrival greatly relieved the shortage of manpower. They assisted community workers in personnel screening temperature check disinfection and isolation publicity and guidance and logistics support building a solid anti-epidemic defense for the residents. They worked side by side with local community workers public security officers grassroots officials and volunteers forming a powerful inter-agency force to carry out society-wide actions.

　　8.志愿者

　　新冠肺炎疫情产生后，恢弘志愿者踊跃有序介入疫情防控事情。据没有完整统计，正在总人口约1000万的武汉，有5万余名志愿者声援抗疫第一线。“疫情没有集，咱们没有退”，这是天下抗疫志愿者的配合心声。

　　这些志愿者中，有党员、退役军人、门生、快递员跟普通百姓等，他们岁数没有一，性别分歧，来自各个岗亭以至分歧国度，服从正在高风险、高强度的防控一线，朴拙贡献、不辞辛劳：自动组建团队，接送一线医护人员通勤回家，经受“生命的摆渡人”；招募集结社区志愿者，24小时待命运送发烧住民救治，为断绝住民买菜送药，辅佐社区防控事情；提议专项捐献行为筹集善款，调和洽购防护物质并送往一线；动员高校学生，为一线医护人员后代学习供给收费在线领导跟资助；报名参加武汉方舱病院播音员步队，为医护人员跟患者朗读文章、缓释表情等。恢弘志愿者用点点滴滴的尽力疗愈着心爱的故里，成为战“疫”时辰一束暖和的光。

　　8. Volunteers

　　According to incomplete statistics more than 50000 volunteers joined the efforts in battling the epidemic in Wuhan a city with a population of 10 million. “We will not retreat if the epidemic has not receded.” This is the pledge of all volunteers across the country.

　　Among these volunteers were CPC members ex-servicemen students and deliverymen. Different in age and gender and coming from different walks of life and different countries they were totally dedicated to the high-risk and high-intensity work on the front line.

　　Many volunteers served as drivers for front-line doctors and nurses to and from work or as 24-hour standby for sending residents with fever for medical treatment. Many helped the self-isolated residents buy vegetables and medicines. Some launched targeted fund-raising programs and coordinated the purchase of protective equipment and delivered them to the forefront; some mobilized college students to offer free online tutoring for the children of front-line medical workers. Some volunteers acted as announcers in Wuhan’s temporary hospitals in an effort to soothe the patients and medical workers. Many a little makes a mickle. The efforts of the vast number of volunteers offered a warm light at the time of the anti-epidemic war.

　　9.患者干部

　　新冠肺炎疫情产生以来，中国医护人员尽己所能、尽心尽力救治病患。停止3月尾，新冠肺炎患者中岁数最大的治愈患者103岁，最小的仅诞生17天。2020年3月10驲，习近平正在湖北省考查疫情防控事情时对正在接管医治的患者送来慰劳，鼓动勉励患者干部树立必胜信心，连结悲观向上的精神状态，自动违抗医嘱，踊跃共同医治。

　　新冠肺炎救治事情中，重症、危重症的救治是重中之重，也是降低病死率的要害。面临这一最艰苦的关口，中国医护人员反抗重症的行动不绝，经由过程组建院士巡诊团队，建立结合专家组，七次修订优化救治计划，组织插管小分队，推广中医药临床利用等多项步伐，进步治愈率、降低病亡率。正在武汉，11家收治重症、危重症定点医院的总床位到达9000多张，来自天下90多支国家级、省级的医疗队的13000名重症专业医务人员介入新冠肺炎重症的救治事情，濒临天下重症医务人员资源的10%。停止3月31驲，天下累计治愈出院病例超7.6万例，治愈率为93.5%；此中，湖北全省累计治愈患者63000多例，治愈率超93%。

　　9. Patients

　　After the outbreak of COVID-19 Chinese medical workers have done their utmost to treat the patients. By the end of March the oldest COVID-19 patient cured was 103 years while the youngest only 17 days. On March 10 during his inspection in Hubei Xi Jinping expressed sympathy to the patients tried to boost their morale and asked them to follow the doctor’s advice for recovery at an earlier date.

　　In the treatment of COVID-19 the severe and critical cases – the key to bringing down the fatality rate – were given top priority. To crack this toughest nut Chinese medical workers have worked out different ways to treat the severe cases with the goal of raising the cure rate and lowering the fatality rate. These included setting up a visiting team of academicians forming an expert group updating the treatment plan seven times organizing an emergency intubation team for COVID-19 patients and promoting clinical use of traditional Chinese medicines.

　　In Wuhan the number of beds in 11 hospitals designated for the treatment of severe and critical cases exceeded 9000. More than 13000 intensive care health professionals from 90-plus national and provincial medical teams participated in the treatment of severe cases accounting for nearly 10% of the national intensive care personnel resources. By March 31 more than 76000 patients had been cured and discharged with a cure rate of 93.5%. Among them more than 63000 were in Hubei with a cure rate of over 93%.

　　10.平凡大众

　　正在抗击疫情中，天下人民干部正在党的迷信布置与指导下，做到没有忙乱，感性认知疫情，迷信防控疫情。2020年3月10驲，习近平正在湖北省考查疫情防控事情时指出，要牢牢依靠人民干部，充足动员人民干部，进步干部自我效劳、自我防护才能。他要求，保证好干部根本生涯，通顺“最初一千米”。

　　正在这场全民战“疫”中，广大群众自发居家、削减外出，经由过程收集在线贺年、事情、讲授、洽购等方法开启“宅生涯”，踊跃共同社区防控，通力合作保护来之不易的抗疫效果。广大群众正在做好自身的防疫事情同时，也展示了大爱精力，纷繁经由过程各类情势与道路撑持武汉和湖北其他地域。

　　3月23驲，中心应答新冠肺炎疫情事情领导小组对疫情防控局势作出最新断定：以武汉为主战场的天下外乡疫情流传已根本阻断，疫情防控取得阶段性紧张效果。这是全国上下守望相助、抗击疫情的“成绩单”，为全党全军天下各族人民继承团结奋斗、终极打败疫情注入“强心剂”。

　　10. Ordinary People

　　Under the Party’s leadership and deployment the whole nation did not panic in the face of COVID-19. Rather they developed a rational understanding of the virus and adopted a science-based approach to epidemic prevention and control. During his inspection in Hubei Xi Jinping highlighted the need to closely rely on the people fully mobilize them and improve their ability to serve and protect themselves. He requested that the basic livelihood of the people be ensured and “the last mile” service problems be solved.

　　In this nationwide war against the epidemic the people voluntarily stayed at home reduced outings and led a “stay-at-home lifestyle” by doing almost everything online from sending New Year greetings to working teaching and buying things. They supported the community work in this way in a joint effort to safeguard the hard-won achievements in epidemic prevention and control. While doing their own parts to combat the epidemic the general public also assisted Wuhan and other parts of Hubei through a variety of forms demonstrating the spirit of great love.

　　On March 23 the Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control made the judgment on the development of the epidemic: The spread of the epidemic in China with Wuhan as the main battleground had been basically contained which was a milestone in the anti-epidemic fight. This was an impressive “test report” as a result of the concerted efforts of the whole nation. It was also a strong boost to the Party the PLA and the people of all ethnic groups in China to continue to work together for the ultimately victory over the epidemic.

　　八、防控常识

　　PART EIGHT

　　Knowledge About COVID-19 Prevention and Control

　　1. 精确利用口罩

　　口罩是防备呼吸道流行症的紧张防地，可以降低新冠病毒感染危险。口罩不只可以防备病人放射飞沫，降低飞沫量跟放射速率，借可阻拦露病毒的飞沫核，防备佩带者吸入。

　　新冠肺炎疫情产生以来，口罩正在疫情防控中起着紧张作用。2020年1月30驲，国度卫生安康委印发《防备新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎口罩使用指南》。2月5驲，国务院应答新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《防备新型冠状病毒熏染口罩取舍与利用技巧指引》。3月17驲，依据疫情防控局势向好跟停工复产须要，联防联控机制修订造成《"大众迷信戴口罩指引》，从平凡"大众、特定场合职员、职业裸露职员和重点职员停止分类，并对分歧场景下戴口罩提出迷信指引的发起。

　　口罩佩带的根本准则是科学合理佩带、范例利用、无效防护。依据相关指南、指引发起，正在非疫区空阔且透风场合没有须要佩带口罩，进入职员麋集或密闭公开场合须要佩带口罩。正在疫情多发地域空阔且透风场合发起佩带一次性利用医用口罩；进入职员麋集或密闭公开场合，佩带医用外科口罩或颗粒物防护口罩。特殊人群如能够打仗疑似或确诊病例的高危人群，发起佩带医用防护口罩（N95及以上级别）并佩带护目镜。

　　佩带医用外科口罩时，鼻夹侧晨上，深色里朝外，高低拉开褶皱，使口罩笼罩心、鼻及下颌；按捏鼻夹，使之贴紧鼻梁，防备侧漏。佩带口罩前按规程洗手，佩带时制止打仗口罩内侧。口罩佩带2-4小时改换一次，如口罩脏污、变形、损坏、有异味时也要实时改换。口罩摘下后应将打仗心鼻的一面朝里叠好，如需再次利用，可吊挂正在干净、干燥通风处，或将其安排正在干净、透气的纸袋中；如不再利用，应放入流动抛弃处，制止交叉感染。儿童不宜佩带成人口罩，家长要资助儿童精确佩带口罩，并随时存眷佩带环境，岁数极小的婴幼儿不克不及佩带口罩，易惹起梗塞。

　　1. Using Facemasks Properly

　　Facemasks are important for preventing infectious respiratory diseases and lowering the risk of COVID-19 infections. Facemasks can prevent patients from spraying droplets reduce the amount and speed of droplets and protect the wearers from inhaling droplet nucleus of the virus.

　　Facemasks have been effective in preventing and controlling COVID-19. On January 30 the NHC published a Guide on Facemask Usage Against Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia. On February 5 the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council published the Technical Guidelines for Selecting and Using Facemasks Against Novel Coronavirus Infection.

　　On March 17 in response to work resumption as the disease prevention and control improved the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism published a Guide on Proper Usage of Facemasks by the Public providing advice for wearing facemasks under different conditions for the general public people at specific areas people with occupational exposure and key population groups.

　　Facemasks should be worn and used properly to ensure effective protection. According to relevant guidance in areas not affected by the disease facemasks are unnecessary in open and well-ventilated places but people should wear facemasks when entering crowded or enclosed public places. In high-risk areas people should wear disposable medical masks in open and well-ventilated places and wear surgical masks or respirators of grade N95 when entering crowded or enclosed public places. Special groups who may contact suspected or confirmed cases should wear goggles and respirators of grade N95 or above.

　　When wearing surgical masks hold the mask with the nose strip on top and the dark-colored side facing outward pull the mask over the mouth nose and chins and pinch the nose strip to conform to the shape of the nose.

　　Wash hands according to procedures before wearing a mask and avoid touching the inside of the mask.

　　WordStr the mask every two to four hours and change the mask when it is dirty contaminated distorted damaged or smelly.

　　Take off the mask with the side touching the nose and mouth folded inward hang the mask in clean dry ventilated place or put it in a clean and ventilated paper bag for reuse.

　　Dispose the mask in a specific garbage bin to avoid cross infection.

　　Children should not wear the facemasks for adults and parents should help their children wear facemasks properly.

　　Babies cannot wear facemasks which can pose suffocation risks.

　　2. 尽量减少外出举止

　　每一个人是本人安康第一责任人。新冠肺炎疫情时代，除当局跟相关部分采用的防控步伐中，每位国民做好团体防护，削减不必要的外出、群集等行动，是对本人跟别人安康担任，也是保护"大众平安的应尽义务。

　　依据国度卫生安康委宣布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗计划（试行第七版）》，现阶段所睹传染源次要是新型冠状病毒熏染的患者。无症状感染者也能够成为传染源。经呼吸道飞沫跟密切接触流传是次要的流传道路。人群遍及易感。正在备餐跟会餐进程中，人群相互之间皆是密切接触者，咳嗽、打喷嚏以至近距离攀谈发生的飞沫，可间接流传给全部聚首人群，极易形成疾病流传，为疾病风行供给有利条件。是以，削减职员出行，制止列入聚会会议、聚首是阻断疫情的紧张步伐。

　　增强团体防护，还要削减到公开场合举止，特别是一些职员麋集、氛围流动性好的公开场合，如??、餐厅、影院、车站、机场、船埠、展览馆等。那是因为，公开场合职员多、流动量年夜、职员构成庞大，一旦有病毒携带者，很简单形成人与人之间的流传，进而引发病毒感染跟疫情分散。

　　2. Minimizing Outings

　　Everyone is the first person responsible for his/her health. During the outbreak of COVID-19 on top of the prevention and control measures taken by the government and relevant agencies every citizen should be responsible for their own and others’ health and fulfil the due diligence to maintain public security by protecting themselves and reducing non-essential outings and gatherings.

　　According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 (Trial Version 7) published by the NHC patients infected by the novel coronavirus are the main source of infection. Asymptomatic coronavirus carriers are possible source of infection. Major ways of transmission are respiratory droplets and close contact with infected people. All people are vulnerable to COVID-19. While preparing meals or dining together people are in close contact with each other. Droplets spread by coughing sneezing and even talking in close distance may directly transmit to the whole group which can easily spread the disease and facilitate the prevalence of the disease. Therefore reducing outings and avoiding gatherings and parties are important measures to interrupt the transmission of the disease.

　　People should strengthen personal protection by reducing visits to public places especially where is crowded or poorly ventilated such as shopping malls restaurants cinemas stations airports wharves and exhibition centers. These public places are crowded with people from everywhere and have high population mobility and virus carriers are easy to cause people-to-people transmission incur virus infections and spread the disease.

　　3. 连结脚卫生

　　除外出佩带口罩，洗手也是防备流行症最简略、最无效的步伐之一。一样平常事情、生涯中，人们的脚不休打仗到被病毒、细菌传染的物品，手上的病原体可以经由过程手和口、眼、鼻的粘膜打仗进入人体。洗手可以简略无效天堵截这一流传道路，无效降低熏染新冠病毒的危险。

　　为制止病毒经手流传，应尽量减少打仗公开场合的大众物品跟部位，同时留神勤洗手。以下环境应实时洗手：外出返来，戴口罩前及摘下口罩后，打仗过泪液、鼻涕、痰液跟唾液后，咳嗽打喷嚏用手遮挡后，照顾护士患者后，筹备食品前，用餐前，如厕后，打仗公共设施或物品后（如扶手、门柄、电梯按钮、钱币、快递等物品），打仗婴幼儿及哺乳喂食前，处置惩罚婴幼儿粪便后，打仗植物或处置惩罚植物粪便后等。如没有肯定脚是不是干净时，制止用手打仗口鼻眼；打喷嚏或咳嗽时，用手肘衣服遮住心鼻。

　　精确的洗手方式是：利用活动火跟番笕或洗手液洗手，每次洗手应揉搓20秒以上，确保手心、手指、手背、指缝、指甲缝、伎俩等处均被荡涤洁净。没有便利用活动火洗手时，可利用含酒精的免洗洗手液。

　　3. Keeping Hands Clean

　　Besides wearing facemasks when going out washing hands is also one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent infectious disease. In daily work and life people may touch items contaminated by viruses and bacteria and pathogens on their hands can get into their bodies through the mucosae of mouth eyes and nose. Washing hands can easily and effectively interrupt transmission through mucosae and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infections.

　　To avoid transmission of the virus through hands people should avoid touching items and facilities at public places and wash hands frequently. They should wash hands under the following conditions:

　　* before putting on facemasks;

　　* before preparing and eating food;

　　* before touching feeding or breastfeeding babies;

　　* after coming back from outside;

　　* after taking off facemasks;

　　* after touching tears nasal discharge sputum and saliva;

　　* after coughing and sneezing;

　　* after caring for patients;

　　* after using the toilet;

　　* after touching public facilities or items (such as handrails doorknobs elevator buttons coins and express parcels);

　　* after cleaning baby stools; and

　　* after touching animals or cleaning their stools.

　　People should avoid touching mouth nose and eyes when not sure whether their hands are clean and sneeze or cough into the elbow.

　　The right way of hands washing is: Wash the hands with soap or liquid soap and running water rub the hands for over 20 seconds each time and make sure the palms fingers the back of the hands nails and the wrists and all other parts of the hands are cleaned. If running water is not available use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer instead.

　　4. 安康监测与就诊

　　发烧、咳嗽跟呼吸困难能够是呼吸道熏染或其他严峻疾病招致的症状。应亲密存眷健康状况，若是呈现发烧、咳嗽等症状，应留神戴口罩等团体防护，实时就近就诊。

　　国民应自动做好团体与家庭成员的安康监测，尽可能减少与有呼吸道疾病症状（如发热、咳嗽或打喷嚏等）的人密切接触，自发发热时要自动测量体温。家中有儿童的，可迟早摸试其额头，如有发烧实时为其测量体温。

　　产生以下两种环境时应实时到本地指定医疗机构停止排查诊治：一是呈现发烧（腋下温度≥37.3℃）、咳嗽、气促等急性呼吸道熏染症状；二是有武汉及周边地区，或其他有病例讲述社区的观光史或寓居史，或病发前14天内曾打仗过来自武汉及周边地区，或其他有病例讲述社区的观光史或寓居史的发烧陪呼吸道症状的患者，或呈现群集性病发。

　　前去病院的路上，应佩带医用外科口罩或N95口罩，尽量避免乘坐大众交通工具，路上翻开车窗。正在路上跟到病院时，尽量离其他人至少1米距离。就诊时，应照实具体报告患病环境跟就诊进程，见告大夫近期观光寓居史、职员跟植物打仗史等，共同大夫展开相关查询拜访。

　　4. Health Monitoring and Going to Hospital

　　Fever cough and breathing difficulties might be induced by respiratory infections and other severe diseases. People should closely monitor their health conditions take personal protection measures like wearing facemasks and go to see a doctor nearby when they display symptoms like fever and coughing.

　　Citizens should monitor their health and that of their family members minimize close contact with people who have symptoms of respiratory diseases (such as fever cough or sneezing) and take temperature when feeling feverish. If there are children at home parents can touch their foreheads in the morning and evening and take their temperature in time if they have a fever.

　　People should go to local designated medical institutions for health check diagnosis and treatment under the following two circumstances: (1) displaying symptoms of respiratory infections such as fever (with axillary temperature ≥37.3℃) coughing and shortness of breath; or (2) having traveled to or lived in Wuhan or surrounding areas or communities where confirmed cases have been reported or having contact within 14 days before feeling ill with patients who have fever and symptoms of respiratory infections and have traveled to or lived in Wuhan or surrounding areas or communities where confirmed cases have been reported or having involved in clustered cases.

　　On the way to see a doctor people should wear surgical masks or respirators of grade N95 avoid taking public transportation and open the window of the vehicle they take. They should keep at least 1 meter from others on the way to and after arriving at the hospital. They should tell the doctor in detail about their conditions their recent travel and residence history and their contact with people and animals and cooperate with the doctor in relevant investigations.

　　5. 保持良好卫生跟安康习气

　　正在新冠肺炎疫情时代，做好防护步伐的同时，保持良好卫生跟安康习气可以无效降低熏染危险。国度卫生安康委在2020年1月27驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎防控"大众防备指南汇编》中先容了保持良好卫生跟安康习气的次要做法：居室勤开窗，时常透风；家庭成员没有共用毛巾，连结家居、餐具干净，勤晒衣被；没有随地吐痰，心鼻分泌物用纸巾包好，弃置于有盖垃圾箱内；留神养分，适度运动；不要打仗、采办跟食用野生动物（即野味），尽量避免前去售卖活体植物（禽类、海产品、野生动物等）的市场；家庭备置体温计、医用外科口罩或N95口罩、家用消毒用品等物质。

　　5. Maintaining Good Hygiene and Health Habits

　　During the outbreak of the COVID-19 while taking good protective measures maintaining good hygiene and health habits can effectively reduce the risk of infection. On January 27 the NHC released a Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia which suggested the following ways to maintain good hygiene and health habits:

　　* Frequently open the windows of your house for better ventilation;

　　* Do not share towels with your family members;

　　* Keep your home and tableware clean;

　　* Sun-cure your clothes and quilts often;

　　* Do not spit;

　　* Wrap your oral and nasal secretion with tissue and throw it in a covered dustbin;

　　* Balance your nutrition and exercise moderately;

　　* Do not touch buy and eat wild animals (gamey) and avoid visiting the market that sells live animals (poultry seafood and wild animals);

　　* Have thermometer surgical or N95 masks and domestic disinfectants at home.

　　6. 没有打仗、采办跟食用野生动物

　　野生动物是指一切非经人工豢养而生涯于自然环境下的各类植物。许多野生动物带有多种病毒，若是人与之打仗，能够将病毒传播给人类。如艾滋病、莱姆病、埃博拉病毒、亨德拉病毒、猴痘、SARS、MERS和新冠病毒等，皆是经由过程野生动物流传到人类。

　　中国早正在1988年便发布了《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》，划定制止出卖、采办、应用国度重点保护野生动物及其成品，制止出产、运营利用国度重点保护野生动物及其成品建造的食物，或许利用不正当起源证实的非国家重点保护野生动物及其成品建造的食物。

　　新冠肺炎疫情产生以来，滥食野生动物的突出问题及其对公共卫生平安组成的极大隐患，惹起社会普遍存眷。2020年2月24驲，第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次全体会议经由过程全面禁止合法野生动物生意业务、根除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保证人民干部生命安全的决意，为保护公共卫生平安跟生态平安，保证人民干部生命安康平安供给无力的立法保证。为了人类安康，团体不要打仗、捕猎、贩卖、采办、加工、食用野生动物。

　　6. No Touching Buying and Eating of Wild Animals.

　　Wild animals refer to all kinds of animals that live in a natural environment without artificial rearing. Many wild animals carry multiple viruses that can be transmitted to humans through contact. Viruses like AIDS Lyme disease Ebola virus Hendra virus monkey pox SARS MERS and novel coronavirus can spread to humans through wild animals.

　　China promulgated the Law on the Protection of Wildlife in 1988 which prohibits the sale purchase and utilization of wildlife that are under special state protection and their products and prohibits the production and sale of food made of wildlife that are under special state protection and their products or of food made of wildlife that are not under special state protection and their products without proof of legal source.

　　After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic the prominent problem of eating wild animals and the huge potential dangers to public health have aroused wide concerns. On February 24 the 16th plenary meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress decided to thoroughly ban illegal wildlife trade and break the bad habit of eating wild animals so as to effectively guarantee the safety of the people’s lives. This decision provided strong legislative guarantee to safeguard public health and ecological security and to protect people’s lives and health. For the sake of human health people must not touch hunt sell buy process or eat wild animals.

　　7. 家庭防控

　　家庭是社会的细胞，也是抗击疫情的根底力气跟紧张防地。现阶段诸多新冠肺炎病例中，家庭群集性熏染的特点较为突出，那是因为多人长时间群集正在统一空间，很简单形成病毒传播分散，呈现“一人熏染，一家沾染”的环境。

　　家庭防控次要指为防备疫情分散，以家庭为单元，正在社区的指点下，各自做好自我管理跟家庭经管。国度卫生安康委在2020年1月27驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎防控"大众防备指南汇编》中先容了“家庭新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎防备指南”，供给了合用于家庭场合的一样平常防备发起：一是制止来疾病正在流行的地域；二是削减到职员麋集、特别是氛围流动性好的公开场合举止三是不要打仗、采办跟利用野生动物，制止前去售卖活体植物的市场，禽肉蛋要充足煮熟后食用；四是居室保持清洁，勤开窗透风；五是随时连结脚卫生六是外出佩带口罩七是保持良好卫生跟安康习气八是自动做好团体及家庭成员的安康监测九是筹备常用物质，如体温计、一次性口罩、家用消毒用品等。另外，该《指南》借对家庭成员呈现可疑症状时的环境供给了防控发起，强调如家庭成员呈现新冠肺炎可疑症状，应实时佩带口罩并就诊；如家庭中有人被诊断为新冠肺炎患者，其他家庭成员若是经剖断为密切接触者，应接管14天医学观察；患者跟密切接触者应制止与无症状的其他家庭成员近距离打仗；对有症状的家庭成员时常打仗的处所跟物品停止消毒等。

　　7. Family Prevention and Control

　　The family is the cell of society and an important place of defense against the epidemic. Among novel coronavirus cases family infections are prominent. The gathering of people in the same space for a long time can easily cause virus spreading and result in “infection of a whole family by one confirmed member.”

　　The Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia issued by the NHC made the following suggestions for family members:

　　* Avoid visiting areas where the disease is prevalent;

　　* Reduce visits to crowded public places especially places of poor ventilation;

　　* Do not touch buy and eat wild animals; avoid visiting markets that sell live animals and cook poultry eggs and meat thoroughly;

　　* Keep your home clean and open windows frequently for better ventilation;

　　* Maintain hand hygiene;

　　* Wear a mask when going out;

　　* Keep good personal hygiene and health habits;

　　* Monitor health conditions of yourself and your family members;

　　* Keep necessary medical supplies at home such as thermometer disposable masks and domestic disinfectants.

　　The Guidance suggested that family members with suspicious symptoms should wear masks and seek prompt medical advice; when one family member is diagnosed with COVID-19 other members if identified as close contacts have to take medical observation for 14 consecutive days; patients and close contacts should avoid close contact with other family members who have no symptom; and the places where the family member with symptoms stays and the objects he/she frequently touches should be sterilized.

　　8. 公开场合防控

　　公开场合是"大众停止社会活动的紧张载体，也是防控流行症产生风行的重点环节，公开场合卫生平安关联人民干部安康跟经济社会开展。为增强疫情防控，2020年1月30驲，国务院应答新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《公开场合新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎卫生防护指南》，对宾馆、??、影院、游泳馆、博物馆、候车（机）室、办公楼等人群时常群集举止的公开场合跟事情场合的卫生防护提出步伐指引跟操纵要求。

　　公开场合卫生操纵方面，重点做好物体概况干净消毒，对高频打仗的物体概况（如电梯间按钮、扶手、门把手等），可用含氯消毒剂、消毒湿巾停止喷洒或擦拭；增强餐（饮）具的消毒、衣服、被褥、座椅套等纺织物及卫生洁具的干净消毒；增强透风换气，连结场合内空气流通，首选自然风；按期荡涤空调滤网，已利用空调时应关闭回风通道；确保场合内洗手举措措施运转畸形，装备足量洗手液、速干手消毒剂或感应式脚消毒举措措施；增强渣滓分类管理，实时网络并清运，按期对垃圾桶等渣滓艳服容器停止消毒干净；设立应急区域，当呈现疑似或确诊病例时，实时到该区域停止临时断绝跟范例处置惩罚；正在场合内显著区域，展开防控安康宣教。

　　团体防护方面，工作人员要做好“三留神”，即留神团体卫生防护、留神脚卫生、留神身体状况。活动职员要削减群集，削减不必要的外出，若是外出应做好团体防护跟脚卫生，正在生齿较为麋集的公开场合，发起佩带医用口罩、勤洗手等；办公楼等场合要增强对来访职员安康监测跟挂号等事情。

　　8. Public Places Prevention and Control

　　Public places are where the general public take part in social activities therefore they are a key link in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. These places are related to people’s health and economic and social development.

　　On January 30 the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council published a Guide on Health Protection of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia in Public Places listing suggestions and requirements for health protection in public places and workplaces where people often gather such as hotels shopping malls cinemas swimming pools museums waiting rooms and lounges and office buildings.

　　* For hygienic practices in public places it is important to clean and disinfect the surface of objects. Spray or wipe the surfaces with high frequency of contact (elevator buttons handrails and door handles) with chlorine-containing disinfectants and disinfectant wipes;

　　* Ensure disinfection of food (drinking) utensils sanitary ware and textiles such as clothes bedding and seat covers;

　　* Well ventilate the rooms with natural wind preferred;

　　* Clean the air conditioning filters regularly and close the air return channel if not in use;

　　* Ensure normal operation of hand washing facilities and adequate hand sanitizers quick-dry hand disinfectants or inductive hand disinfection facilities;

　　* Strengthen garbage classification management timely collection and removal of garbage and regular disinfection and cleaning of garbage cans and other containers;

　　* Set an emergency area for temporary isolation and standard treatment of suspected or confirmed cases;

　　* Post health education materials about epidemic prevention and control in a conspicuous place in the site.

　　In terms of personal protection the staff should pay attention to personal protection hand hygiene and physical condition. Mobile personnel should reduce gatherings and unnecessary outings. They must make sure of personal protection and hand hygiene if going out. In crowded public places it is recommended to wear medical masks and wash hands frequently. Health monitoring and registration of visitors shall be made at office buildings and other places.

　　9. 大众交通工具防控

　　大众交通工具存在人流量年夜、职员起源庞大、密切接触可能性年夜等特色，仅仅靠采用消毒步伐堵截流传道路去防备疾病流传存在较大难度。是以，应经由过程增强职员经管、环境卫生及消毒、安康宣教等步伐，保证大众交通工具上职员的平安安康。

　　国度卫生安康委在2020年1月27驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎防控"大众防备指南汇编》中，对飞机、火车、地铁、公共汽车跟汽船等大众交通工具的卫生防护供给步伐发起。1月29驲，国务院应答新型冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《大众交通工具消毒操纵技巧指南的告诉》，指点汽车、火车、飞机、汽船等大众交通工具做好消毒事情，防备新冠肺炎经由过程交通工具流传跟分散。

　　大众交通工具防控发起次要包罗：产生疾病风行地域的大众交通工具正在岗工作人员应佩带医用外科口罩或N95口罩，并逐日做好安康监测；大众交通工具发起备置体温计、口罩等物品；增长大众交通工具干净与消毒频率，做好干净消毒事情纪录跟标识；连结大众交通工具优越的透风形态；连结车站、车箱内的卫生整洁，实时清算渣滓；做好职员事情与轮休支配，确保司乘人员失掉充足苏息。

　　9. Public Transportation Prevention and Control

　　Public transportation features large flow of people complex personnel source and high possibility of close contact. It is difficult to prevent the spread of disease by only taking disinfection measures to cut off the transmission route. Measures such as strengthening personnel management environmental sanitation and disinfection and health education should be taken to ensure the safety and health of passengers.

　　The NHC provided recommendations on hygienic protection of public transportation such as planes trains subways buses and ships in the Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia released on January 27. On January 29 the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued a notice on applying the Technical Guidelines for Disinfection of Public Transportation which provided disinfection suggestions of cars trains planes and ships to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus through vehicles.

　　The suggestions included:

　　* On-duty staff of public transportation in epidemic areas should wear surgical or N95 masks and carry out daily health monitoring;

　　* Public transportation should have thermometers masks and other items on them;

　　* Increase the frequency of cleaning and disinfection of public transportation and make records and identification;

　　* Maintain good ventilation;

　　* Keep the station and carriage clean and tidy and clean up the garbage in time;

　　* Schedule proper personnel work and rotating shifts to ensure the crew get enough rest.

　　10. 办公场合防控

　　办公场合防控次要指在办公区域停止的疫情防控经管。跟着停工复产、职员连续返岗，办公区域职员密度年夜、停留时间少、人员构成庞大，增长了办公场合的防控工作难度。国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（初版）》中，供给了办公场合防控指南，即工作人员要自行安康监测，若呈现新冠状病毒熏染的可疑症状（包罗发烧、咳嗽、咽痛、胸闷、呼吸困难、乏力、恶心吐逆、腹泻、结膜炎、肌肉酸痛等），不要带病上班；若发明新型冠状病毒熏染的可疑症状者，工作人员应要求其离开；公用物品及大众打仗物品或部位要按期荡涤跟消毒；连结办公场合内空气流通；卫生间要装备充足的洗手液，确保供水举措措施运转畸形；连结环境卫生干净，实时清算渣滓等。

　　另外，各地借便疫情时代办公场合防控跟工作人员防护提出步伐发起。例如，树立主体责任制，明白办公场合内各单元各部分的详细职责；办公场合所在修筑的经营管理者要树立租用户名录清单，树立楼宇、院落出入口体温监测、职员挂号等防控步伐；树立有针对性的防控事情计划；强化员工安康监测轨制；增强重点岗亭重点部分的危险梳理跟应答步伐；优化事情流程，降低熏染危险；树立弹性工作制；削减集会等不必要的人群群集性举止；连结办公场合室内空气畅通流畅；增强一样平常干净跟预防性消毒步伐等。

　　10. Office Prevention and Control

　　Office prevention and control mainly refers to epidemic prevention and control management in the workplace. With the resumption of work and production and the return of personnel the office area has a high density of staff with long stay and a complex composition which increases the difficulty of prevention and control.

　　The Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition) released by the NHC on January 29 provided a guide to workplace prevention and control:

　　* The staff should monitor their own health.

　　* A sick employee should not come to work in case of suspicious symptoms of novel coronavirus pneumonia (such as fever cough pharyngalgia chest distress breathing difficulties fatigue nausea diarrhea conjunctivitis and muscle soreness).

　　* People with suspected symptoms of the disease should be refused to enter the workplace.

　　* Regularly clean and disinfect public goods and items or parts that are frequently touched by people.

　　* Maintain indoor ventilation in the workplace;

　　* Ensure sufficient hand sanitizers and proper operation of water supply facilities in the washroom;

　　* Keep the workplace clean and tidy and clean up the garbage in time.

　　Various localities also adopted detailed measures for the prevention and control of office areas. These included:

　　* Specify responsibilities of each unit in the office area;

　　* The operator of the building where the office is located draw up a list of tenants and take temperature check and personnel registration at the building or courtyard entrance;

　　* Make targeted work plans for prevention and control;

　　* Strengthen staff health monitoring;

　　* Conduct risk analysis and work out counter measures for key posts and key departments;

　　* Optimize workflow to reduce the risk of infection;

　　* Adopt flexible work hours;

　　* Reduce unnecessary meetings and other gatherings;

　　* Maintain indoor ventilation;

　　* Strengthen daily cleaning and preventive disinfection.

　　11. 养老机构防控

　　老年人群是新冠病毒易感高危人群，自我防护认识遍及较弱，是以，老年病愈、照顾护士、养老等机构应做好在院老年人群的防护步伐。2020年1月尾，国度民政部发出通知，要求各地尽力做好养老机构新冠肺炎疫情防控事情，确保老年人平安安康。

　　依据国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（初版）》，养老机构防控疫情的次要步伐包罗一样平常预防措施，和有白叟呈现可疑症状时的应答步伐。疾病风行时代，发起养老机构实行封闭式经管，原则上没有招待外来人员访问慰劳，白叟不克不及离院外出，不再接管新入住白叟，必需外出的白叟返回养老机构后应亲密窥察。另外，养老机构还应树立白叟跟工作人员的安康档案，逐日展开晨检跟安康挂号；树立看望职员挂号轨制，一切外来看望职员应佩带医用外科口罩；提倡白叟养成时常洗手的好习气，确保情况清洁卫生。如有白叟呈现可疑症状时，实时为其支配单间停止自我断绝，由医护人员对其健康状况停止评价，视病情情况送至医疗机构救治，并暂停看望举止。

　　11. Nursing Homes Prevention and Control

　　The elderly are a vulnerable and high-risk group of the novel coronavirus with weak self-protection awareness. The institutions for elderly rehabilitation nursing and elderly care should take protective measures for the elderly.

　　In late January 2020 the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a notice requesting all localities to make every effort to prevent and control the novel coronavirus in elderly care institutions to ensure the safety and health of senior citizens.

　　According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition) major measures to be taken by the elderly care institutions included daily preventive measures and counter measures in case of suspicious symptoms of elderly people.

　　During the epidemic outbreak the elderly care institutions were recommended to perform closed management. Technically they should not receive visitors from outside the elderly should not leave the institutions and the institutions should not accept new arrivals. The elderly who have to go out should be put under close observation after returning to the nursing home.

　　The old-age care institutions should establish health records for the elderly and staff and conduct daily morning check-up and health registration; conduct registration of visitors and demand all visitors wear surgical masks; encourage the elderly to wash hand frequently and keep their rooms clean and tidy.

　　In case of suspicious symptoms of an elderly the institution should promptly arrange a single room for quarantine ask the medical staff to assess his/her health status send him/her to the medical institution for treatment depending on the condition and suspend visits to the elderly.

　　12. 幼儿园、黉舍防控

　　幼儿园、黉舍是幼儿、门生集体生活的场合，易感人群集合，易招致交叉感染。为迷信精准指点各种黉舍做好新冠肺炎疫情防控事情，保护师生员工生命安全、保护校园畸形生涯教学秩序，2020年3月12驲，国家教育部应答疫情事情领导小组办公室组织编写的《幼儿园新冠肺炎防控指南》《中小学校新冠肺炎防控指南》《高等学校新冠肺炎防控指南》出书上线，对幼儿园、黉舍做好应答疫情事情存在指导意义。

　　幼儿园、黉舍防控疫情的次要步伐包罗：返校前有过疫情多发地域（如武汉等地域）寓居史或观光史的门生，发起居家窥察14天期满再返校；门生返校后应逐日监测体温跟健康状况，尽量减少不必要外出，制止打仗其他职员；门生与其他师生产生近距离打仗的情况中，要精确佩带医用外科口罩或N95口罩，尽量缩小举止规模；黉舍亲密监测门生的安康形态，逐日两次测量体温，做好出勤、迟到、告假纪录，如发明门生中呈现可疑症状，应连忙向疫情管理人员讲述，共同医疗卫生机构做好密切接触者经管跟消毒等事情；黉舍应尽量避免组织大型群体举止，教室、宿舍、藏书楼、活动中心、食堂、会堂、西席办公室、卫生间等大众举止区域增强透风干净，装备洗手液、脚消毒剂等；校方对果疫情、因病误课的门生展开收集讲授、补课，关于果病延误测验的门生，应支配补考，没有应记入档案。

　　12. Kindergartens and Schools Prevention and Control

　　Kindergartens and schools are places where young children and students live together who are vulnerable to diseases and easily suffer cross-infection.

　　To accurately guide various schools on epidemic prevention and control protect the health of children and teachers and maintain normal teaching order the leading group on virus prevention of the Ministry of Education on March 12 released different guides on COVID-19 prevention and control in kindergartens primary and middle schools and colleges and universities.

　　For the sake of epidemic prevention and control the students should do the following:

　　* Stay at home for a 14-day observation before returning to school if they have a travel or residence history from areas hit hard by the epidemic (such as Wuhan and other areas);

　　* Monitor their body temperature and health every day after returning to school reduce unnecessary outdoor activities and avoid contact with others;

　　* Properly wear surgical or N95 masks when in close contact with their teachers and schoolmates and minimize the scope of activities.

　　Schools should do the following:

　　* Monitor the health condition of students take their body temperature twice a day and make records of absence early leave and leave;

　　* Report to epidemic management staff in case of suspicious symptoms among students and cooperate with medical and health institutions in the management of close contacts and disinfection work;

　　* Avoid organizing large-scale collective activities;

　　* Ensure ventilation and cleaning in public activity areas such as classrooms dormitories libraries activity centers canteens auditoriums teacher offices and toilets and equip these places with hand sanitizers and hand disinfectants;

　　* Provide online teaching and make-up classes that students have missed due to the epidemic and illness;

　　* Arrange make-up exams for students who miss exams due to illness which will not be recorded in the archives.

　　13. 老年人防控

　　老年人免疫功用强，是流行症的易感人群跟高危易发人群，本次新冠肺炎疫情的危重症人群中老年人居多。2020年1月28驲，国度卫生安康委印发《对于做好老年人新冠肺炎疫情防控事情的告诉》，要求将老年人的疫情防控作为以后的紧张事情去抓，采取有效步伐，切实降低老年人感染率，尽最大尽力削减重症跟殒命病例。天下老龄事情委员会办公室宣布的《给老年伴侣的一封信》建议，老年人要迷信防控，不要适度惊惧；尽量减少外出，做好团体防护；注重增补养分跟食品卫生；公道适度锻炼身体；自动学习相关防护常识等。

　　依据国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（初版）》，老年人群的次要防控步伐包罗：确保白叟把握防备新冠肺炎的团体防护步伐、脚卫生要求、卫生跟安康习气，制止共用团体物品，留神透风，落实消毒步伐；提倡白叟养成时常洗手的好习气；白叟呈现可疑症状时，应自我断绝，制止与其他职员近距离打仗，由医护人员对其健康状况停止评价，视病情情况送至医疗机构救治，留神实时佩带医用外科口罩，并制止乘坐大众交通工具；曾与可疑症状者有没有无效防护的密切接触者，应立即挂号，并停止医学观察；削减不必要的聚首、会餐等群体性举止，没有支配集合用餐等。另外，若呈现可疑症状的白叟被确诊为新冠肺炎，其密切接触者应接管14天医学观察。病人离开后（如住院、殒命等），应实时对居处停止终末消毒。

　　13. Prevention and Control for the Elderly

　　The elderly with weak immune function are susceptible and high-risk groups of infectious diseases and they are the majority of the severe and critical cases among the COVID-19 patients.

　　On January 28 the NHC issued a notice on epidemic prevention and control among the elderly requiring effective measures to reduce the infection rate severe cases and deaths. The Office of the National Working Committee on Aging published a letter calling for the senior citizens to take scientific measures against the disease and not to panic; reduce outdoor activities and have personal protection; balance nutrition and ensure food hygiene; exercise moderately; and take protective tips.

　　According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition) the main prevention and control measures for the elderly included:

　　* Learn necessary personal protective ways against the disease keep hands clean and maintain hygiene and health habits;

　　* Avoid sharing personal items keep ventilation and take disinfection measures;

　　* Wash hand frequently;

　　* Take self-quarantine and avoid close contact with others in case of suspicious symptoms and ask the medical staff assess their health status and send them to medical institution for treatment depending on the condition;

　　* Wear surgical masks and avoid taking public transportation when going to hospital;

　　* Anyone who has taken no effective protection when having close contact with someone with suspicious symptoms should be registered immediately and put under medical observation;

　　* Reduce unnecessary gatherings dinner parties and other group activities and avoid collective dining.

　　If the elderly with suspicious symptoms are diagnosed with the novel coronavirus their close contacts need to receive 14 days of medical observation. After the patient leave (such as hospitalization and death) the residence must be disinfected in time.

　　14. 儿童防控

　　儿童是新冠肺炎的易感人群之一。2020年2月2驲，国务院应答新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制发出通知，要求做好儿童跟孕产妇新冠肺炎疫情防控事情。

　　依据国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（初版）》，儿童群体的次要防控步伐包罗：尽量避免外出，不到职员麋集跟空间密闭的场合，没有走亲访友，没有与有呼吸道熏染症状的人打仗，确需外出的要精确佩带口罩，做好防护步伐；要养成打喷嚏或咳嗽时用纸巾或袖肘遮住嘴巴、鼻子的习气；若是有发热、生病的环境，必然要共同家长实时来病院就诊；家长要增强居室透风，做好室内消毒，缔造干净生涯情况，外出回家后洗手换衣再打仗儿童；家长要教会儿童精确的洗手方式，催促儿童勤洗手、没有乱摸，适度运动、公道膳食、作息纪律，资助儿童养成优越的卫生习惯等。

　　14. Prevention and Control for Children

　　Children are one of the vulnerable groups of the novel coronavirus. On February 2 the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued a notice on ensuring effective control of the children and pregnant women.

　　According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition) the main prevention and control measures for children included:

　　* Reduce outdoor activities as much as possible avoid going to crowded or poorly ventilated spaces and avoid visiting relatives and friends or contact with people who have symptoms of respiratory tract infection;

　　* Take good protection such as wearing a facial mask while going out;

　　* Cover mouth and nose with tissue or elbow when sneezing or coughing;

　　* Go to hospital with parents in time in case of a fever or illness;

　　* Parents should improve room ventilation and do indoor disinfection to create a clean living environment;

　　* After returning from public areas parents should wash hands and change clothes before contacting children;

　　* Parents should teach children correct way of hand washing urge children to wash their hands frequently avoid touching public objects balance nutrition and exercise moderately work and rest regularly and help children develop good health habits.

　　15. 门生防控

　　门生的身体健康牵涉到千家万户，是疫情防控的要害跟重中之重。2020年1月29驲，国家教育部公布各地正在疫情防控时代做好延期开学的筹备，中小学应正在耽误开学时代“停课不绝教、不绝学”。

　　依据国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（初版）》，门生群体的次要防控步伐包罗：暑假时代，有疫情多发地域（如武汉等地域）寓居史或观光史的门生，自离开疫情多发地域后，居家或正在指定场合医学观察14天；各地门生均应尽量居家，削减走亲访友、聚首会餐，削减到职员麋集的公开场合举止；逐日停止安康监测，并依据社区或黉舍要求向社区或黉舍指定负责人讲述。暑假完毕时，门生如无可疑症状，可畸形返校；如有可疑症状，应讲述黉舍或由监护人讲述黉舍，实时就诊，待康复后再返校；返校途中，乘坐大众交通工具时全程佩带医用外科口罩或N95口罩，随时连结脚卫生，做好旅途中安康监测，制止与可疑症状职员近距离打仗；若旅途中呈现可疑症状，应自动戴上医用外科口罩或N95口罩，尽量避免打仗其他职员，并视病情实时就诊；如需前去医疗机构救治时，应自动见告观光寓居史，妥帖保留观光单据信息，共同相关密切接触者查询拜访等。

　　15. Prevention and Control for Students

　　The health of students involves thousands of families which is the key and top priority of epidemic prevention and control. On January 29 the Ministry of Education proposed all regions postpone the new school term during the epidemic prevention and control period and primary and middle schools “suspend classes with non-stopping teaching and learning” during the period.

　　According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition) the students should do the following:

　　* Stay at home or in a designated place for 14-day medical observation after their departure if they have a travel or residence history from areas hit hard by the epidemic (such as Wuhan and other areas) during the winter vacation;

　　* Stay at home reduce visits to relatives and friends parties and collective dining and reduce visits to crowded public areas;

　　* Conduct daily health monitoring and report to the designated people as required by the community or school.

　　* Return to school at the end of winter vacation if having no suspicious symptoms;

　　* Report to the school if having suspicious symptoms seek medical advice in a timely manner and return to school after recovery;

　　* Wear surgical or N95 masks on public transportation on the way back school keep hand hygiene do health monitoring and avoid close contact with people of suspicious symptoms;

　　* Wear surgical or N95 masks in case of suspicious symptoms during the journey avoid contact with others and seek medical advice in a timely manner depending on the condition;

　　* Inform the doctor about travel and residence history preserve the travel tickets and information and cooperate with the investigation about close contacts.

　　16. 有疾病风行地域寓居观光史职员防控

　　依据国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎防控"大众防备指南汇编》，正在两周内有武汉等疾病风行地域寓居、观光史的职员应做好挂号、断绝跟酌情就诊等防控步伐，详细包罗：尽快到所在村支部或社区挂号，削减外出举止，特别是制止到职员麋集的公开场合举止；从离开疾病风行地域时起头，接连14天停止自我健康状况监测，天天两次；前提容许时，尽量零丁寓居或寓居正在透风优越的单人房间，并尽量减少与家人的密切接触；若呈现可疑症状（包罗发烧、咳嗽、咽痛、胸闷、呼吸困难、轻度纳差、乏力、精力稍差、恶心吐逆、腹泻、头痛、心慌、结膜炎、轻度四肢或腰背部肌肉酸痛等），应依据病情实时救治；就诊途中，应佩带医用外科口罩或N95口罩；制止乘坐大众交通工具前去病院，路上翻开车窗，留神时辰佩带口罩、随时连结脚卫生，尽量阔别其他人(至少1米)，若道路中传染了交通工具，发起利用含氯消毒剂或过氧乙酸消毒剂，对一切被呼吸道分泌物或体液传染的概况停止消毒。

　　16. Prevention and Control for People with Travel and Residence History in Epidemic Areas

　　According to the Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia released by the NHC on January 29 people who have lived in or traveled to epidemic areas like Wuhan in the previous two weeks should take prevention and control measures including registration quarantine and getting medical attention as appropriate.

　　Specifically they should do the following:

　　* Register at local community or village administration as soon as possible and avoid outdoor activities especially visits to crowded public places;

　　* Monitor their health conditions twice a day for 14 consecutive days starting from the day of leaving the epidemic areas;

　　* Stay alone or in well-ventilated single rooms if possible and minimize close contacts with family members;

　　* Seek medical advice immediately if they have suspicious symptoms related to COVID-19 (such as fever cough sore throat chest distress breathing difficulties mildly poor appetite fatigue feebleness nausea or vomiting diarrhea headache palpitation conjunctivitis mild myalgia in limbs or the lumbodorsal area);

　　* On the way to hospital wear a surgical or N95 mask and avoid taking public transportation; have the car windows remain opened for good ventilation; keep the mask on and hands clear all the time; and stay at least one meter from other people;

　　* Disinfectants containing chlorine or peracetic acid are recommended to sterilize all surfaces of the vehicle if contaminated by their respiratory secretions or body fluids.

　　17. 居家断绝职员防控

　　居家断绝是迷信防控的需要手腕，也是阻挠病毒传播伸张的紧张方式之一。为指点居家断绝医学观察的职员做好团体防护，防备跟节制熏染，国度卫生安康委在2020年2月5驲印发的《新冠肺炎防控中居家断绝医学观察熏染防控指引（试行）》中，对居家断绝医学观察随访者、居家断绝医学观察职员及其家庭成员或室友等相关职员的熏染防控步伐作出具体先容。

　　依据该防控指引，居家断绝医学观察职员熏染防控应留神：可取舍家庭中透风较好的房间断绝，多开窗透风，连结房门随时关闭，正在翻开与其他家庭成员或室友相通的房门时先开窗透风；没有随便离开断绝房间，必需离开断绝房间时，先戴好外科口罩，洗手或手消毒后再出门；尽可能减少与其他家庭成员或室友打仗，连结1米以上距离并尽量处于下风向；制止利用中央空调；连结足够苏息跟足够养分，最好正在断绝房间内进食、饮水，分时段共用洗手间，用后透风并用酒精等消毒剂对身体打仗的物体概况干净消毒；讲求咳嗽礼节，咳嗽时用纸巾遮蔽心鼻，没有随地吐痰，纸巾及口罩用后丢入专门的带盖垃圾桶内；用过的物品实时干净消毒；按居家断绝医学观察告诉，逐日上下战书测量体温，自发发热时随时丈量并纪录，呈现发烧、咳嗽、气促等急性呼吸道症状时，实时接洽断绝面窥察职员。

　　另外，居家断绝医学观察职员的家庭成员、室友、物业保洁职员、保安人员等需打仗居家断绝窥察工具时，也应留神防控，精确穿着跟戴脱防护用品。

　　17. Prevention and Control for People Under Home Quarantine

　　Home quarantine is a scientific way and an important means to contain the virus from spreading. The Guidelines on Medical Observation at Home for COVID-19 Prevention and Control (Trial) released by the NHC on February 5 detailed the measures for people under home quarantine and their family members/roommates and staff conducting follow-up visits to them.

　　According to its suggestions people under home quarantine and medical observation should do the following:

　　* Stay in a well-ventilated room and keep windows open for ventilation but door closed;

　　* Open the window of their room for ventilation before opening the door that connects to where family members or roommates live;

　　* Avoid leaving the room and wear a surgical mask wash or sanitize hands before going out if they must;

　　* Minimize contacts with family members or roommates keep a distance of at least one meter from them and try to be in the downwind direction;

　　* Not use the central air-conditioning;

　　* Get adequate rest and nutrition and eat and drink in their own room;

　　* Timeshare bathrooms and after usage keep the bathroom ventilated and use alcohol and other disinfectants to sterilize all the surfaces of objects that are subject to physical contacts;

　　* Practice the Cough Etiquette: covering mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing; no spitting; and putting the used tissues and masks into special waste receptacles with covers;

　　* Clean and disinfect immediately all objects they have used;

　　* Follow the notice for medical observation at home to measure body temperature every morning and afternoon or anytime when they have a fever;

　　* Contact staff at the quarantine center if they develop acute respiratory symptoms such as fever cough and panting.

　　If family members roommates staff of property management cleaning and security and other people need to come into contact with the people under medical observation at home they are recommended to correctly wear and remove protective suits.

　　18. 居家发烧患者防控

　　冬春季候，呼吸道流行症多发，平凡伤风、流感跟新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎均可招致发烧，但症状各有不同。如平凡伤风平常显示为打喷嚏、流鼻涕、咽喉不适等较着的上呼吸道症状，而全身症状较沉，没有发烧或仅有长久发烧。流感多为高热，全身症状较重，伴随畏寒、头痛、全身酸痛、鼻塞、流涕、干咳、胸痛、恶心、食欲不振等显示。新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎以发烧、乏力、干咳为次要显示，少数患者伴随鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等症状。

　　依据国度卫生安康委在2020年1月29驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒防控指南（初版）》，若是呈现发烧、咳嗽等症状，以下任一环境，发起采用居家断绝的方法停止窥察，一是症状稍微，体温低于38℃，无较着气短、气促、胸闷、呼吸困难，呼吸、血压、心率等生命体征安稳；二是无严峻呼吸系统、心血管体系等根底疾病及严峻肥胖者。

　　《指南》发起，居家发烧患者应留神苏息，养分平衡，饮食宜油腻；多饮温水，少饮冰冷饮料，保障脾胃功用畸形；制止自觉或没有适当利用抗菌药物；严厉精确佩带口罩，与家人分餐，与家人连结距离1.5米以上；怕冷、发烧、肌肉酸痛、咳嗽者，可选用存在解热散寒、清热解毒、宣肺止咳类中成药；乏力疲倦，恶心、食欲降低、腹泻者，可选用存在化湿解表类中成药；发烧伴随咽痛较着者，可选用存在清热解毒利咽功用类中成药；发烧伴随大便没有畅者，可加用存在通腑泻热类制剂。另外，若是居家发烧患者体温降低至38.5℃以上，可采用温湿毛巾或冰贴等物理降温步伐，发起口服解热镇痛类、清热解毒类中成药。若是患者体温连续2小时以上没有退，呈现胸闷、气短、心率增快、腹泻或吐逆减轻，发起到定点医院、发烧门诊救治。若是呼吸频次呈现呼吸频次≥30次/分，陪呼吸困难及口唇发绀等显示，应拨打120抢救德律风，由抢救医护人员转运到定点医院、发烧门诊救治。

　　18. Prevention and Control for Fever Patients at Home

　　Winters and springs see high incidences of respiratory infections. Common cold influenza and COVID-19 can all lead to fever but they are different in other symptoms. The symptoms of a common cold are obvious in the upper respiratory tract such as sneezing runny nose and sore throat and also there may be some mild general symptoms with transient fever or no fever. People with influenza may have severe general symptoms often including high fevers and other signs such as feeling chills headaches body aches runny or stuffy nose dry cough chest pain nausea and lack of appetite. The symptoms of COVID-19 mainly are fever fatigue and dry cough. A few patients also have runny or stuffy noses diarrhea and other signs.

　　According to the Prevention and Control Protocol for Novel Coronavirus (1st Edition) home quarantine is recommended for those with symptoms of fever and cough if any of the following is met: (1) body temperature below 38℃ mild symptoms without obvious shortness of breath tachypnea chest distress or breathing difficulties and steady vital signs including breath blood pressure and heart rate; (2) no severe underlying disorders in the respiratory or cardiovascular system and no severe obesity.

　　As advised in the Protocol fever patients at home should get good rest keep a light and well-balanced diet and take warm water instead of cold drinks to ensure normal functions of the spleen and stomach. Blind or improper use of antibiotics should be avoided. Separate meals are encouraged at home. They should wear a mask correctly and maintain at least 1.5-meter distance from other family members.

　　For symptoms of feeling chills fever myalgia and cough Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) for releasing heat dissipating cold detoxifying and diffusing the lung to suppress cough could be taken; for fatigue nausea loss of appetite and diarrhea CPMs for resolving dampness and releasing the exterior; for fever and obvious sore throat CPMs for releasing heat detoxifying and soothing the throat; and for fever and poor bowel movement Chinese medicine preparations for relaxing the bowels and purging heat could be added.

　　If the temperature of a fever patient at home rises above 38.5℃ such measures as warm and wet towels and ice sticks could be used for physical cooling and oral administration of CPMs for releasing heat easing pain and detoxifying is recommended.

　　If the high temperature remains for more than 2 hours and the symptoms of chest distress shortness of breath as well as increased heart rate diarrhea or vomiting are developed it is advised to visit a designated hospital or fever clinic.

　　If the respiratory frequency is higher than 30/minute and there are symptoms of breathing difficulties and blue lips call 120 for first aid to send him/her to a designated hospital or fever clinic by medical personnel.

　　19. 疑似病例防控

　　国度卫生安康委在2020年1月22驲宣布的《新型冠状病毒熏染的肺炎防控计划（第二版）》中，明确提出了新冠肺炎病例监测计划、流行病学查询拜访计划、可疑裸露者跟密切接触者经管计划和实验室检测技巧指南，提出增强组织指导、病例发明与讲述、流行病学查询拜访等9项防控步伐，指点各级各种医疗机构、各级疾控机构展开病例监测、发明跟讲述事情。依据该防控计划，疑似病例的界说为：有三项临床表现，即发烧，存在肺炎影像学特点，病发初期白细胞总数畸形或降低，或淋巴细胞计数削减；同时，存在病发前14天内有武汉观光史或寓居史，或病发前14天内曾打仗过来自武汉的发烧伴随呼吸道症状的患者，或有群集性病发或与确诊病例有流行病学关系等任何一项流行病学史的患者。

　　该防控计划指出，医疗机构发明合乎疑似病例、确诊病例界说的患者时，应按要求展开流行病学查询拜访、停止临床标本收罗与相关病原检测；增强断绝、消毒跟防护事情，对疑似病例停止单间断绝医治。

　　19. Prevention and Control for Suspected Cases

　　In the Protocol for Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia Prevention and Control (2nd Edition) released on January 22 the NHC laid out guidelines for monitoring of the patients epidemiological investigations and management of suspicious exposures and close contacts and technical guidelines for laboratory testing. Nine measures of prevention and control including strengthening organization and leadership case detection and report and epidemiological investigation were provided to guide healthcare facilities and disease control centers at all levels on monitoring detecting and reporting infections.

　　According to the Protocol the definition of suspected cases considers both clinical and epidemiological features. There are three clinical manifestations: fever; radiographic imaging consistent with pneumonia; and normal or decreased white blood cell count or decreased lymphocyte count in the early stages of the disease. The epidemiological history includes: history of travel to or residence in Wuhan within 14 days prior to the onset of the disease; contact with a patient from Wuhan with fever and respiratory symptoms within 14 days prior to the onset of the disease; clustered cases; or epidemiological relation with confirmed cases. A suspected case is defined by having all the three clinical manifestations plus any of the epidemiological history criteria.

　　It is stated in the Protocol that if patients who meet the definitions of suspected or confirmed cases are detected healthcare facilities should conduct epidemiological investigations specimen collections and lab testing and strengthen measures for quarantine disinfection prevention and control. Suspected cases should be quarantined and treated in single rooms.

　　20. 医疗机构救治防护

　　国度卫生安康委在2020年1月30驲印发的《新冠病毒感染分歧危险人群防护指南》中，对须要到医疗机构救治的出行职员提出防护发起：佩带医用外科口罩，并连结脚干净；尽量避免乘坐地铁、公交车等交通工具，制止前去人群麋集的场合；救治时应自动见告医务人员相关疾病风行地域的观光寓居史，和与别人打仗环境，共同医疗卫生机构展开相关查询拜访。

　　同时，医疗机构应做好救治患者的经管，合理配置医务人员，降低医疗机构内熏染的危险；发明疑似或确诊熏染新冠病毒的患者时，依法采用断绝或节制流传步伐，并依照划定对患者的陪伴职员跟其他密切接触职员采用医学观察及其他需要的预防措施；没有具有新冠肺炎救治才能的医疗机构，应实时将患者转诊到定点救治病院。

　　20. Prevention and Control for Visiting Medical Institutions

　　In the Guide on Protecting People Against Different Risks of Novel Coronavirus Infection released on January 30 the NHC provided the following advice to individuals who need to visit a medical institution:

　　* Wear a surgical mask and keep hands clean;

　　* Avoid taking subway bus or other public transportation and avoid going to crowded places;

　　* Inform medical staff of their histories of travel to or residence in the epidemic regions and contacts with others and cooperate with the medical institution to carry out relevant investigations.

　　Medical institutions should strengthen patient management allocate medical staff properly and reduce the risks for hospital-acquired infection. When a suspected or confirmed case is identified quarantine or containment should be taken in accordance with law and medical observation and other necessary precautions should be provided to the patient escorts and other close contacts. The institutions lack of the capability for treating COVID-19 should transfer the patients to designated hospitals in a timely manner.